Table 2.  Examples of ISO 14000 voluntary environmental management systems and tools. Adapted and modified from information available at http://www.iso.ch: see also Gable, (2003, p. 439).

• ISO 14001 requires the preparation of VEMS audits.
• The guidance for carrying out such audits can be found in ISO 14010, ISO 14011, and ISO 14012 documentation.
• ISO 14001, via guidelines found in ISO 14031, requires an organization to monitor and measure the environmental performance of its activities.  In the case at hand, for example, the organization’s adherence to all 10 National Standards found in the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-297).
• ISO 14001, via guidelines and standards found in ISO 14020 and ISO 14040, requires an organization to consider and take into account the identification and analysis of the environmental aspects of its products and/or services, in part through labels and declarations.  Certification as “ISO 14000 compliant” is also available and desirable.