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Table 5. Summary parameters for predators examined by the Food Web Dynamics Program during 1973-98 (units of weight = g; units of length = cm; s= standard error of the mean of stomach weight)
Species
Stomach Weights
Predator Length 
Predator Weights
 
No.
Mean
s
Mean
Min.
Max.
No.
Mean
 
Gadids & Macrourids
Silver hake 36,756 2.69 0.060 25.44 3 76 15,733 121.10
Atlantic cod 15,146 30.20 0.704 53.74 1 150 4,870 2,058.77
Red hake 12,994 3.41 0.097 30.88 4 72 5,036 209.23
White hake 11,740 16.93 0.520 42.72 7 136 4,832 771.45
Spotted hake 7,481 2.17 0.067 23.74 5 43 4,731 136.67
Pollock 4,200 18.03 0.876 50.86 10 120 1,561 1,381.05
Haddock 3,618 5.46 0.220 44.77 8 88 167 671.66
Cusk 141 0.84 0.284 66.67 14 104 17 2,357.59
Offshore hake 99 3.94 2.421 33.23 13 52 14 217.71
Longfin hake 25 0.62 0.259 21.56 16 35 0 -
Longnose grenadier 18 0.20 0.056 15.78 10 23 0 -
Fourbeard rockling 10 0.05 0.018 22.20 15 32 0 -
Marlin-spike 10 0.26 0.052 20.10 15 26 0 -
Ling unclassified 4 0.08 0.028 12.75 11 14 0 -
Grenadier unclassified 3 0.14 0.031 26.00 26 26 0 -
Carolina hake 1 11.00 - 28.00 28 28 0 -
 
Flounders
Fourspot flounder 10,040 1.10 0.038 27.08 5 49 6,799 162.19
Windowpane 8,982 1.51 0.053 25.69 3 41 5,451 211.55
Summer flounder 8,937 2.23 0.108 36.12 13 82 6,027 582.83
Winter flounder 2,733 2.84 0.117 31.25 8 65 73 430.97
Yellowtail flounder 2,015 1.08 0.049 30.64 3 58 74 326.82
American plaice 1,786 1.03 0.105 29.93 4 70 16 450.00
Witch flounder 1,014 0.62 0.042 41.72 5 65 108 196.16
Atlantic halibut 229 21.16 3.766 58.28 27 134 35 2,660.51
Gulf Stream flounder 219 0.02 0.002 10.26 4 18 0 -
Southern flounder 5 3.30 3.300 26.00 21 33 0 -
Dusky flounder 3 0.06 0.061 20.67 17 23 2 69.50
Greenland halibut 1 0.33 - 15.00 15 15 1 22.00
 
Pelagic Piscivores
Bluefish 3,208 21.47 1.237 35.19 8 88 829 978.51
Weakfish 3,102 3.04 0.171 25.95 7 79 1,774 238.75
Striped bass 204 52.48 9.633 56.27 23 118 188 2,787.82
Cobia 22 112.28 26.738 94.91 58 122 12 12,900.83
King mackerel 17 17.20 5.667 81.94 56 117 2 8,710.00
Atlantic bonito 11 29.31 24.674 50.36 23 57 3 2,018.00
Greater amberjack 9 105.65 83.863 59.00 21 114 0 -
Blue runner 2 0.06 0.055 15.00 15 15 0 -
Striped bonito 2 35.75 8.250 56.00 55 57 2 3,130.00
Atlantic salmon 1 2.61 - 34.00 34 34 0 -
 
Elasmobranchs
Spiny dogfish 41,896 14.82 0.227 69.40 13 117 15,082 1,469.64
Smooth dogfish 3,809 43.41 0.946 86.82 36 150 1,216 2,392.67
Atlantic sharpnose shark 199 18.96 2.334 81.54 34 154 10 3,020.00
Dusky shark 68 36.62 7.631 97.56 49 212 0 -
Sandbar shark 64 78.03 30.213 110.73 60 204 0 -
Chain dogfish 40 2.03 0.693 29.35 15 45 4 323.75
Sand tiger 7 224.29 149.086 196.29 105 246 0 -
Scalloped hammerhead shark 4 20.31 13.098 84.25 54 112 0 -
Shortfin mako 1 141.10 - 146.00 146 146 0 -
Thresher shark 1 33.00 - 169.00 169 169 0 -
Blacknose shark 1 8.80 - 104.00 104 104 0 -
Smooth hammerhead shark 1 2.09 - 92.00 92 92 0 -
Blacktip shark 1 - - 138.00 138 138 0 -
  
Little skate 19,063 4.18 0.042 39.71 6 63 11,719 432.71
Winter skate 12,122 10.77 0.226 60.41 13 135 6,444 1,620.10
Thorny skate 2,604 11.72 0.606 49.12 12 108 1,096 1,584.89
Smooth skate 286 4.63 0.388 44.44 11 66 82 451.37
Clearnose skate 244 7.09 0.670 57.38 22 73 72 1,101.04
Rosette skate 34 1.32 0.251 35.18 19 43 10 229.00
Barndoor skate 15 30.33 8.778 74.93 25 114 8 3,631.75
  
Bullnose ray 80 20.60 4.871 56.78 29 119 7 1,108.14
Bluntnose stingray 71 31.62 6.114 54.94 21 118 3 1,928.00
Spiny butterfly ray 51 2.56 1.205 93.77 52 199 0 -
Atlantic torpedo 15 17.96 13.012 70.60 25 125 1 17,500.00
Roughtail stingray 13 84.01 31.269 98.62 74 129 0 -
Cownose ray 11 1.42 1.187 48.73 46 53 0 -
Southern stingray 1 17.22 - 84.00 84 84 0 -
Atlantic stingray 1 - - 77.00 77 77 0 -
 
Squids
Longfin inshore squid 3,002 0.53 0.027 13.07 1 39 0 -
Northern shortfin squid 2,946 1.59 0.162 20.06 3 32 0 -
 
Pelagic Planktivores
Atlantic herring 11,576 0.59 0.016 23.49 8 46 10,163 125.49
Atlantic mackerel 4,001 1.43 0.057 28.19 12 47 3,170 235.72
Butterfish 2,048 0.16 0.009 12.95 2 24 17 50.00
Northern sand lance 1,339 0.07 0.005 14.37 4 27 0 -
Alewife 362 0.95 0.077 23.11 7 34 1 68.00
Atlantic argentine 185 0.17 0.055 31.09 9 44 0 -
Round herring 104 0.28 0.061 12.05 10 18 0 -
Blueback herring 85 0.73 0.136 21.51 9 28 0 -
American shad 52 7.06 1.844 28.83 10 52 11 1,087.45
Spanish mackerel 43 3.51 1.331 34.63 16 62 3 984.33
Inshore lizardfish 42 2.13 0.571 24.10 16 35 1 87.00
Chub mackerel 35 0.44 0.123 19.31 14 23 0 -
Atlantic menhaden 34 0.08 0.022 20.82 12 28 0 -
Striped anchovy 15 0.07 0.036 11.87 10 13 0 -
Round scad 15 <0.01 0.002 16.33 14 18 0 -
Rough scad 11 0.03 0.004 13.64 12 15 0 -
Lanternfish unclassified 10 0.06 0.021 8.30 8 10 0 -
Bigeye scad 10 0.02 0.004 13.70 13 15 0 -
Hygophum taaningi 9 0.02 0.007 6.67 6 7 0 -
Offshore lizardfish 9 0.98 0.560 14.22 7 23 3 78.67
Spanish sardine 8 - - 5.25 5 6 0 -
Shortnose greeneye 6 0.04 0.020 12.50 11 14 0 -
Atlantic saury 1 - - 32.00 32 32 0 -
Striated argentine 1 - - 8.00 8 8 0 -
 
Rockfishes
Acadian redfish 1,244 1.24 0.116 30.89 8 45 2 38.50
Blackbelly rosefish 98 0.44 0.160 16.95 6 36 0 -
Bigeye 9 1.64 0.604 27.67 15 39 0 -
 
Armored Fishes
Longhorn sculpin 8,029 2.63 - 25.12 3 38 5,072 181.11
Sea raven 4,486 14.60 0.717 31.19 7 67 2,554 802.62
Northern searobin 110 0.71 0.124 22.69 13 34 17 217.53
Armored searobin 33 0.09 0.046 25.91 7 32 0 -
Moustache sculpin 28 0.07 0.021 10.57 7 15 0 -
Striped searobin 23 2.80 0.773 27.00 19 39 0 -
Hookear sculpin 22 0.01 0.008 6.41 4 8 0 -
Searobin unclassified 8 <0.01 0.001 8.63 5 11 0 -
Shorthorn sculpin 1 0.04 - 33.00 33 33 0 -
Horned searobin 1 - - 5.00 5 5 0 -
Bluespotted searobin 1 - - 16.00 16 16 0 -
Bighead searobin 1 - - 20.00 20 20 0 -
 
Eel-like Fishes
Ocean pout 673 6.20 0.503 48.54 13 95 43 551.86
Fawn cusk-eel 146 0.03 0.004 21.64 14 30 0 -
Atlantic wolffish 89 10.50 2.214 47.64 3 137 12 3,397.08
Northern pipefish 38 <0.01 0.001 18.87 14 24 0 -
Snakefish 25 1.66 0.757 17.84 13 23 0 -
Conger eel 14 10.70 4.736 65.50 39 109 1 3,280.00
Atlantic cutlassfish 11 0.08 0.033 48.36 44 53 0 -
Striped cusk-eel 11 0.03 0.017 20.91 16 30 0 -
Red cornetfish 5 6.33 4.066 83.60 43 103 0 -
Atlantic hagfish 4 0.01 0.005 42.75 33 55 0 -
Margined snake eel 3 0.12 0.055 39.00 36 42 0 -
Daubed shanny 3 0.01 0.002 11.67 11 13 0 -
Radiated shanny 3 0.04 0.019 13.00 12 14 0 -
Wrymouth 3 0.40 0.202 34.67 23 41 0 -
Atlantic soft pout 3 <0.01 0.001 11.00 11 11 0 -
Snubnose eel 1 - - 11.00 11 11 0 -
Wolf eelpout 1 - - 12.00 12 12 0 -
 
Unaesthetic Fishes
Goosefish 5,600 38.99 2.253 44.24 6 124 3,039 1,410.41
Atlantic midshipman 10 0.11 0.050 14.00 14 14 0 -
Lumpfish 2 27.87 7.386 35.50 31 40 0 -
Northern stargazer 2 10.45 1.650 21.00 19 23 0 -
Alligatorfish 1 0.01 - 9.00 9 9 0 -
Southern stargazer 1 2.12 - 22.00 22 22 0 -
 
Miscellaneous Mid-Atlantic Species
Scup 1,500 0.33 0.024 15.93 6 37 2 169.50
Black sea bass 838 1.31 0.118 21.91 5 55 11 155.00
Spot 488 0.12 0.014 17.03 10 26 10 108.90
Atlantic croaker 377 0.95 0.096 24.48 11 45 10 98.30
Buckler dory 112 4.29 1.514 22.14 11 53 1 2,160.00
Northern kingfish 79 0.53 0.079 23.37 10 30 6 173.50
Cunner 60 0.75 0.239 26.25 5 47 1 734.00
Pigfish 10 0.40 0.194 18.40 16 24 0 -
Tilefish 10 0.71 0.309 42.00 25 61 0 -
Tautog 5 0.22 0.220 35.40 24 64 0 -
Atlantic sturgeon 3 119.17 9.167 97.00 84 120 0 -
Sharksucker 1 6.60 - 43.00 43 43 0 -
 
Miscellaneous Southern Species
Southern kingfish 119 1.43 0.316 23.84 15 32 12 163.08
Whitebone porgy 24 1.03 0.656 27.79 20 34 0 -
Tomtate 23 0.07 0.050 15.83 11 19 0 -
Deepbody boarfish 15 1.08 0.195 15.40 12 19 0 -
Vermilion snapper 15 0.69 0.436 19.07 12 24 0 -
Sheepshead 15 13.64 3.435 46.87 31 55 0 -
Banded rudderfish 13 1.44 0.478 23.23 18 27 0 -
White grunt 13 1.49 0.469 29.23 24 35 0 -
Saucereye porgy 12 0.92 0.354 21.50 12 30 0 -
Banded drum 11 0.02 0.006 15.09 14 20 0 -
Spottail pinfish 9 0.25 0.124 20.44 12 29 0 -
Pinfish 9 0.17 0.076 16.44 15 18 0 -
Red porgy 9 1.47 0.750 29.89 21 40 0 -
Snowy grouper 8 23.24 13.444 69.38 46 90 0 -
Planehead filefish 7 <0.01 0.001 6.43 5 8 0 -
Yellowfin bass 7 0.27 0.150 23.57 20 27 0 -
Scamp 6 7.10 6.745 68.17 51 99 0 -
Silver perch 5 <0.01 0.001 19.00 18 20 0 -
Atlantic spadefish 4 2.75 0.710 41.50 38 45 0 -
Sand perch 3 0.41 0.399 20.33 18 24 0 -
Hogchoker 2 0.06 0.055 17.50 17 18 0 -
Warsaw grouper 2 203.50 126.500 104.50 84 125 0 -
Hogfish 2 4.49 1.186 57.00 55 59 0 -
Gray triggerfish 2 - - 33.50 10 57 0 -
Longspine snipefish 2 - - 12.50 12 13 0 -
Almaco jack 1 209.00 - 94.00 94 94 0 -
Black drum 1 165.00 - 108.00 108 108 0 -
Blueline tilefish 1 13.20 - 50.00 50 50 0 -
Conejo  1 - - 25.00 25 25 0 -
Striped burrfish 1 - - 14.00 14 14 0 -
Beardfish 1 - - 16.00 16 16 0 -
Yellowmouth grouper 1 - - 76.00 76 76 0 -
Gag 1 - - 108.00 108 108 0 -
Atlantic bumper 1 - - 16.00 16 16 0 -
Spotted seatrout 1 - - 56.00 56 56 0 -

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 (Modified Jun. 13 2008)