CONTENTS
Acknowledgment ................................................i
Executive Summary............................................iii
I. Background on History, Issues, and Findings ................1
II. Synthesis of Findings from The Community Studies: A Comparative Analysis ..........................................5A. Dimensions of the Problem ..................................5
B. The Magnuson Act and the Management Council ................7
C. Purpose and Objectives of the Study........................ 9
D. Background and Methodological Considerations ..............11
D1. Research Tasks .......................................11
D2. Community Selection Procedures .......................12
E. Definition of Community ...................................12
F. Demographic Issues ........................................13
G. Dependence on the Multispecies Groundfish Fishery: Developing a Community Classification System ............................15
G1. Assessing Community Dependence on the Multispecies Groundfish Fishery .......................................15
G2. Assessment of Variations Between Ports ...............17
G3. Assessment of Variations Within Ports ................18
H. Social and Cultural Parameters of the MGF: Issues and Data Bases ........................................................21
H1. Perceptual Issues: Results of the Pile-Sorting Tasks ..........................................................21
H2. Clustering Analysis ..................................22
H3. Multidimensional Scaling .............................25
H4. Concrete Problems and Issues Perceived By Groundfishermen and Their Families........................................26
H5. Alternative Forms of Capital and the Loss of Natural Resource Infrastructures .................................28
III. Primary Ports: Community Studies ........................33A. Portland, Maine ...........................................33
A1. Overview of Maine Groundfishing ......................33
A2. The Portland Fish Exchange and Other Port Infrastructure ..........................................................36
A3. Demographic Information on the MGF ...................38
A4. Fishing Associations and Organizations ...............39
A5. Social Dimensions of Portland's MGF ..................40
A6. Adaptations and Adjustments to Crisis ................43
A7. Conclusions ..........................................44
B. Gloucester, Massachusetts .................................44
B1. Overview of Gloucester Groundfishing .................44
B2. Port Infrastructure and Marketing ....................48
B3. Demographic Information on the MGF ...................52
B4. Fishing Associations and Organizations ...............53
B5. Adaptations and Adjustments to Crisis ................55
B6. Fishing, Public Perceptions and the Management Process ..........................................................59
B7. Understanding Community Dependence on Fishing ........60
B8. Changes in Social Conditions in the Fishing Community ..........................................................64
B9. Conclusions ..........................................68
C. Chatham, Massachusetts ....................................69
C1. Overview of Chatham Groundfishing ....................69
C2. Port Infrastructure ..................................71
C3. Fishing Organizations and Associations ...............73
C4. Conclusions ..........................................75
D. New Bedford ...............................................75
D1. Overview of New Bedford Groundfishing ................75
D2. Port Infrastructure and Demographic Information on New Bedford/Fairhaven.........................................78
D3. Fishing Organizations and Associations ...............80
D4. Social Dimensions of the MGF in New Bedford/Fairhaven ..........................................................84
D5. Adaptations and Adjustments to Crisis ................87
D6. Conclusions ..........................................89
E. Point Judith, Rhode Island ................................90
E1. Overview of Point Judith Groundfishing ...............90
E2. Port Infrastructure ..................................91
E3. The Local Fleet and Fisheries ........................93
E4. Demographics .........................................94
E5. Fishing Organizations and Associations ...............96
E6. Adaptability and Critical Issues .....................96
E7. Adaptations and Adjustments to Crisis ................98
E8. Conclusions..........................................100
IV. Secondary Ports .........................................101A. Secondary Ports in Maine: Stonington and Down East .......101
A1. Machiasport .........................................102
A2. Jonesport ...........................................103
A3. Southwest Harbor ....................................103
A4. Stonington ..........................................104
B. Portsmouth, New Hampshire and Southern Maine Ports .......106
C. Provincetown, Massachusetts ..............................106
C1. Overview of the Port ................................106
C2. The Infrastructure and the Fleet ....................107
C3. Adaptations to Crisis ...............................109
D. Newport, Rhode Island ....................................110
D1. Overview of the Port ................................110
D2. The Infrastructure and the Fleet ....................111
D3. Adaptations to Crisis ...............................113
E. Montauk, New York ........................................113
E1. Overview of the Port ................................113
E2. Demographics of the Community .......................114
E3. Seasonal Fishing Patterns ...........................114
E4. The Infrastructure and the Fleet ....................115
E5. Adaptations to Crisis ...............................116
E6. Conclusions .........................................117
F. Cape May, New Jersey and Ocean City, Maryland ............118
G. Southern Range: Hampton Roads/Newport News, VA, and Wanchese, NC ..........................................................119
Social Science Data Bases: References, Local and Regional Publications, and Other Materials Collected..................123
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figures
1 Primary and Secondary Ports of the Multispecies Groundfish Fishery ......................................................iv
2 Results of Hierarchical Clustering Analysis ................22
3 Hierarchical Levels Among Groups of Regulations ............23
4 Multidimensional Scaling of Regulations as Perceived by New England Groundfishermen ......................................25
5 Model of the Relationship Between Alternate Forms of Capital and Occupational Roles in the Natural Resource Communities of the Multispecies Groundfish Fisheries.............................31
Tables
1 Number of NMFS MGF Permits vs. Estimated Operational Vessels Capable of Groundfishing .....................................142 Primary and Secondary Port Infrastructure Related to Commercial Fisheries ....................................................14
3 Indicators of Dependence on Local Groundfish in the Seafood Handling Sectors of Three Primary MGF Ports ..................14
4 Comparative Fishery Dependency Table for the Five Primary Ports in the MGF....................................................16
5 Comparisons of the Five Primary MGF Ports By Indicators or Dependence ...................................................21
6 Non-Agricultural Wage and Salary Employment, Portland MSA, 1993 ..............................................................35
7 Species, Pounds, and Percentage of Total Landings of Major Fish Landed at the Portland Fish Exchange, 1994 ...................37
8 Reported Vessel Activity by Gear Type and Target Species of 75 MGF Respondents ..............................................45
9 Wage and Salary Employment, Gloucester MMP, 1993 ...........53
10 Average Annual Expenditures for the Gloucester Fleet, 1994 dollars ......................................................63
11 Changes in Membership of Fishing/Nonfishing-related Community Organizations -- Membership in Community Organizations........67
12 Fishing Vessels of Chatham, Massachusetts By Type of Fishing ..............................................................71
13 Employment in New Bedford by Economic Sector ..............77
14 New Bedford/Fairhaven Fleet Characteristics ...............78
15 Comparison of Fishing/Agricultural Employment in Washington County, Rhode Island..........................................90
16 Town Dock Primary Species and Their Seasons ...............92
17 Employment Figures for South Kingston, Rhode Island, 1984 and 1994 .........................................................95
18 Labor Force Statistics for Down East Portions of Maine, 1994 .............................................................102